Mortality rates for HSCT in MS continue to fall

The safety of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS) has improved significantly over the past ten years, according to international data.

HSCT is an intensive treatment that aims to reset the immune system. It has been used for MS for several decades, but earlier versions of the treatment carried a higher risk of serious complications. Over time, careful changes to how HSCT is delivered have made a clear difference to safety.

Data published from large international registries shows that treatment related mortality for HSCT in MS has fallen to well below 1% in recent years. Around ten years ago, this figure was closer to 1 to 2%. This means the risk of death linked directly to the treatment has reduced by around half or more over the last decade.

Experts believe several factors have driven this improvement. These include better selection of people most likely to benefit from HSCT, lower intensity conditioning regimens, improved infection control, and greater experience within specialist transplant centres. HSCT is now usually offered earlier in the disease course and mainly to people with highly active relapsing MS, rather than those with more advanced disability.

Research also suggests that outcomes are best in centres that carry out HSCT regularly and follow strict safety protocols. This highlights the importance of careful assessment, clear information, and shared decision making before considering treatment.

It is important to note that HSCT is not suitable for everyone living with MS and is not a cure. Like all treatments, it carries risks as well as potential benefits. People considering HSCT should have detailed discussions with their neurology team and transplant specialists to understand what it may mean for them personally.

At MS-UK, we believe in supporting informed choice. We continue to share clear, balanced information so people affected by MS can explore all options available to them and decide what feels right for their own lives.

If you’d like to know more about HSCT, read our HSCT Choices booklet which has been newly revised and updated with the latest information.