The anti-inflammatory diet for MS

Can eating certain foods help with the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

There is growing interest in the role of diet in managing multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly anti-inflammatory diets. MS is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system, and while there is no cure, lifestyle factors such as diet may influence disease activity and quality of life.

Several studies suggest that anti-inflammatory diets may benefit people with MS by modulating the immune response and reducing oxidative stress.

A 2021 systematic review published in Nutrients found that diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats were associated with better quality of life, reduced fatigue, and improved physical health in people with MS. The authors noted that these diets tend to reduce pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) .

Another study looked at the effect of the Mediterranean diet, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, on MS patients. Participants who closely followed the diet showed slower disability progression and improved mental health outcomes. Researchers attributed these benefits to increased intake of antioxidants, omega 3 fatty acids, and polyphenols, which help counteract inflammation and support nervous system function.

Similarly, a 2020 study examined people with MS following a modified Paleolithic (Wahls) diet. Participants reported reduced fatigue and improved quality of life over 12 months. While the study was small and relied on self-reported data, it highlights the potential of dietary intervention .

However, more high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory diets in reducing MS disease activity, relapse rates, or MRI-detectable inflammation.

Inflammatory Foods to Avoid

The following foods are known to promote inflammation and may be best limited or avoided:

• Processed meats (e.g. bacon, sausages, ham)
• Refined carbohydrates (white bread, pastries, sugary cereals)
• Fried and fast food
• Sugary drinks (soda, energy drinks, sweetened juices)
• Trans fats (often found in margarine, baked goods, and snacks)
• Excess alcohol
• Red meats (particularly in large amounts)
• Highly processed foods and additives

These foods can increase inflammatory markers and may negatively affect the gut microbiome, which plays a role in immune system regulation.

Anti-Inflammatory Foods to Include

In contrast, the following foods may help reduce inflammation and support overall health:

• Fatty fish (e.g. salmon, mackerel, sardines – rich in omega-3s)
• Leafy greens (spinach, kale, Swiss chard)
• Berries (blueberries, raspberries, strawberries – high in antioxidants)
• Nuts and seeds (walnuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds)
• Whole grains (oats, brown rice, quinoa)
• Olive oil (especially extra virgin)
• Legumes (lentils, chickpeas, beans)
• Green tea and turmeric (for anti-inflammatory compounds)
• Fermented foods (yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut – to support gut health)

In summary, while diet alone cannot cure MS, there is increasing evidence that an anti-inflammatory approach can support symptom management and general wellbeing. More robust research is needed, but adopting a nutrient-rich, whole-foods-based diet appears to be a promising and low-risk strategy for people with MS.